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| dc.description.abstract | Runtuhnya Uni Soviet pada 26 Desember 1991 dan pengunduran diri Mikhail Gorbachev sebagai pemimpin terakhir Soviet, menyebabkan lahirnya kemerdekaan bagi negara negara baru yang selama ini berada di bawah naungan payung komunisme terbesar di dunia: Rusia, Armenia, Latvia, Ukraina, Belarusia, Lithuania, Moldova, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyztan, dan Turkmenistan. Tetapi, dari beberapa negara tersebut juga melahirkan kawasan separatis seperti Abkhazia, Ossetia Selatan, dan Transnistria, karena adanya keinginan untuk menjaga hubungan negara mereka dengan Rusia. Pada tanggal 24 Februari 2022, sebagai lanjutan dari krisis politik Euromaidan (peristiwa aneksasi Krimea dan pemberontakan kaum separatis pada tahun 2014), Rusia meluncurkan “operasi khusus militer” di Ukraina. Di bulan yang sama, Vladimir Putin mengakui kemerdekaan kawasan separatis Republik Rakyat Donetsk (DPR)
dan Republik Rakyat Luhansk (LPR). Walaupun kedua kawasan separatis tersebut merupakan negara de facto, kawasan-kawasan tersebut berada di dalam wilayah Ukraina dalam perspektif internasional tetapi sebaliknya, dari Ukraina maupun Rusia sendiri kedua wilayah tersebut merupakan negara independen yang mendapat perlindungan dari Rusia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan studi literatur sebagai teknik pengambilan data. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori konstruktivisme dalam melihat konsep sphere of influence dan responsibility to protect a la Rusia yang berbeda dengan cara Barat memandang konsep tersebut dengan studi kasus kawasan separatis Rusia di Ukraina. Penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa penafsiran pemikiran yang berbeda dan kepentingan nasional suatu negara dapat menjadi faktor utama yang dilakukan oleh suatu aktor untuk mempertahankan hegemoni di wilayah yang didominasinya. | id_ID |
